QUANTUM PHYSICS

SUPER CONDUCTORS 

&

QUANTUM LEVITATION

We already know about the Conductors and Insulators. But, We don't know much about Super Conductors. What is Super Conductors? How Super Conductors can Levitate Magnets? Let's see about it. 

CONDUCTORS:

First we'll see about the Conductors before Super Conductors. Take a Copper Wire. It contains Copper atom. Each and every Copper atoms contains electrons in the Valance Orbital. It is also called Valance Electron. The Copper Wire contains a large number of free Electrons. The movement of free Electrons conducts Electricity. But, The Copper atom, In room temperature, Vibrates heavily.

How this Copper atom vibrates? In this Universe, Each and every atom has its temperature. If the atom attains the absolute temperature, -273.15°C the atoms stops to vibrates. No object in the Universe will attain this temperature. To notify the above temperature of absolute zero, The Copper atom vibrates in the room temperature. The vibration of Electrons slow downs the flow of Electrons. So, the Electrons hits each other. Hitting of Electrons reduces the Energy. It losses the energy in the form of Heat Energy. Increasing of Heat in the Conductors also increases it's Resistance. It prohibits the floe of Electrons. What is Voltage? We know that the flow of Electrons Conducts Electricity. The Force which moves the Electrons from One Point to another point is called Voltage.

Now, Let's see about Super Conductors. 

THE SUPERCONDUCTORS:

Let's take the Example of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide. a type II Super Conductor. It also has Resistance. It has Resistance with respect to the room temperature. If the material cools down to -180°C and below, This particular temperature is called Critical Temperature. If it attains Critical Temperature, there is no resistance. Because, Every free Electrons pairs with other free Electrons. This pairing of Electrons is called Cooper Pairing. The pairing of Electrons, smooths the flow of Electricity in the Super Conductors and it also has less Resistance. If the Initial Voltage is given to the Super Conductor, It can flow Electricity continuously without any other forces. The Electric Current is present with respect to the Initial Voltage given to it. If you measure this Electricity after 1000 Years, It won't drop. It has the exact value for 1000 Years and above. Because, It has less Resistance. 

QUANTUM LEVITATION:

If the Super Conductor attains the temperature of -180°C and below, The Resistance is also Zero. If a magnet is placed near to it, The Magnetic Field of the Super Conductor floes Electricity. The Magnetic Field of the Magnet is removed by the Super Conductor. This phenomenon is called MEISSNER EFFECT. So, The Magnet flows in the Critical        Temperature. If the Magnet is turned to 90° also it do not falls down. Why it not falls down?

This Super Conductor has large number of impurities. These Super Conductors are called as Type II Super Conductors. These impurities present are Microscopic. The impurities push back and leads to repel. The pure Electron attracts the objects. The attraction and repulsion at a same time holds the Super Conductors in the Magnetic Field. The Magnetic Field passes through the impurities are called as Flux Tubes. In technical term, It is called as Quantum Levitation.