NUCLEAR RADIATION

In 6,9 August 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki are affected by the Nuclear Bombs. Due to this Nuclear Bombs, more than 1.4 Lakh people died and 2000 peoples affected by Cancer and died. These are Harmful Effects are due to the Nuclear Radiations. What is Nuclear Radiations? What is the difference between Nuclear Bomb and Nuclear Reactor? How the Nuclear Wastes from Nuclear Plants are disposed? Let's see about it. 

  RADIO-ACTIVE ATOMS:

We all know about the Nucleus is present in the Center of an atom. Nucleus is made up of Protons and Neutrons. Number of Protons decides the Name of the Atom. For Example, If we take Carbon Atom, Each and every atom in the world contains 6Protons. If an atom contains 7 protons, It is a Nitrogen. If we take Carbon12 isotope, It has 6 Protons and 6 Neutrons. It is a Stable Isotope. If we take Carbon 14 Isotope, It has 6 Protons and 8 Neutrons. It is Unstable Isotope. So, Carbon 14 is a Radio-Active Isotope. If an Atom is Radio-Active or Unstable, It must be convert to its Stable Position. The time required of a Radio-Active atom to become Stable is called Half-Life of that atom. How the Radio-Active Carbon formed? Cosmic Waves from the Space and from the Sun hits the Earth's Atmosphere. It forms Neutron with reaction to the Nitrogen. This Cosmic Waves removes One Neutron particle from the Nitrogen atom and converts it into a Radio-Active Carbon Atom. 

This Radio-Active Carbon Atom reacts with Oxygen to form Carbon-di-Oxide. This Radio-Active Carbon-di-Oxide was consumed by Plants. We consume Plants. Then the Radio-Active particles enters into Our Body too. Radio-Active Carbon becomes Stable by β-decay process. The result of this reaction is The Radio-Active Carbon becomes Stable and converts into Nitrogen. It takes 5700 Years to become Stable naturally. Radio-Active Carbon Dating is used to measure the age of the fossils. 

 NUCLEAR BOMB:

In the Nuclear Bomb, Uranium 235, U235 is used. But, Naturally found Uranium is U238. In that only 0.7% is  U235 The Half-Life period of the  U235 is 700 Million Years. A Neutron Hits an U235 atom, It produces Neurons and Energy. The Neutron released from the Uranium hits another Uranium atom continuously. It becomes Chain Reaction to produce huge amount of Energy. It makes the Nuclear Bomb.

The Uranium splits the left Fission Products and it surrounds the blasted place. The Radio-Active atoms that produced by the Uranium Nuclear Bomb is Cs137, Sr90, Pu239 and so on. Every Radio-Active atom has its own Half-Life period. This Radio-Active Atoms affects the DNA of our Body and it will give us Cancer too.  

THE NUCLEAR REACTOR:

In the Nuclear Reactor, It contains Fuel rods. These Fuel rods contains Pellets. This Pellets is made up of U235. The purity of this is 3.5-4.5% U235 and the left amount is U238.  of  This Pellets are placed in the Core of the Nuclear Reactor and dipped in the Moderator. If we pass a Neutron, It splits Uranium, The Neutrons are slowed down by Moderator. It converts Energy in the form of Heat Energy. It evaporates the Water and it rotates the Turbine. Hence, We get Electricity. It also increases the Fusion Reaction.

If the process continues, It becomes a Nuclear Bomb. To stop the Reaction, We use the Control Rods. It is made up of Cadmium-Silver or Barium Rods. If the Heat increases, in the Reaction, Control Rods also inserted in the Moderator. It cools down the Water and absorbs the Neutrons. If we can't control it, becomes  Nuclear Bomb. The Radio-Active wastes emits Alpha and Gamma rays. It was controls by the Running Water supply. There is no permanent solution is found yet.