CHANDRAYAAN - I

In the night sky, We all commonly observe an Object which is 384.4 thousand Kilometers away from us. That is our Moon. How Scientists find Water present in Mars? Why do we research Moon? What is the Camera used for the discovery of Water on Moon? Let's see about it. 

WATER ON MOON:

In 2008, India launched a Satellite called Chandrayaan - I by PSLV-XL to Moon's Orbit. Chandrayaan carries 11 Payloads. Some Payloads are from other Countries too. The two important Payloads are NASA's Moon Minerology Mapping M3 and ISRO's Hydro spectral Imaging. These two are generally Spectrometers. These two Spectrometers gathered the information of the availability of Water on Moon. How the Spectrometers found Water? Let's see about its working. We all know, In the center of every atom Protons and Neutrons are present. Electron Cloud present around it. The Electron of every atom revolves by its Energy. But, the energy of different atoms are different. So, these elements emits light with different Wavelengths. For example the pictures below show that the Spectrum of Iron and Hydrogen. 

Every elements has its own spectrum in the Spectrometer. These are called as Emission Spectrum. The Spectrometer is a device which is used to capture the Material or Object's Wavelength. The Spectrometer captures the Image and Scientists compare that image to the Element's Spectrum in the Periodic Table. Chandrayaan-I passed the ISRO's Moon Impact Probe to hit the South Pole of Moo at a speed of 2.5kms/sec. It creates a Valley of 25 meters wide and 4meter depth. The particles in the Moon are scattered. Chandrayaan captures the images of Emission Spectrum of Emitted particles. In that, 5.6% of particles contains Water molecules. How Water comes to Moon? A day in Earth is equal to 28Moon days. The temperature of the part of the Moon that experiences Sun's Light is 123°C.

THE SHADOW REGION:

The Water gets vapored in this temperature right? Then How, the Chandrayaan found Water? The Moon is 5° tilted in its Elliptical Path. So, Some places in the South Pole of Moon not experience Sun's ;Light permanently. This Shadow Region of Moon is very cool when compared to other places of Moon. The temperature is (-249°C)-(-223°C). This Region are called as Cold Traps Region. The Astronomers of Apollo found small Glass pieces of Moon.  They cut that piece and found the Water present in the center of that piece. The Water content in that glass piece is equal to the Water content present in Earth's Basalt type of Rocks. 

THE CONCLUSION:

In future, The Rockets visit Moon and produces fuel of its own and travel to other planets. This reduces the Fuel cost and efficiency of Fuel. So, We can travel between planets with low cost.